Directory not empty

The Directory not empty error indicates that an operation attempted to remove or replace a directory that still contains files or subdirectories. Modern operating systems prevent such actions to avoid accidental data loss. This root error appears on Linux and Windows systems, Java and Spring Boot applications, Docker containers, build processes, and server environments that perform file system cleanup or deployment tasks.

When does this error occur?

  • Deleting a directory that still contains files or subdirectories
  • Automated cleanup scripts removing application folders
  • Application startup or shutdown routines cleaning temp directories
  • Container or deployment processes resetting persistent paths
  • File system operations on directories used by running processes

Root cause of Directory not empty

This error occurs at the file system level when a directory removal operation is requested on a path that contains one or more entries. The OS enforces directory integrity rules, requiring directories to be empty before deletion. Hidden files, open file handles, or background processes may keep the directory from being fully cleared.

How to fix the error (step-by-step)

Linux / macOS

List directory contents, including hidden files. 

ls -la <directory>

Remove files and subdirectories inside the directory. 

rm -rf <directory>/*

After emptying the directory, remove it. 

rmdir <directory>

Windows

Check directory contents. 

dir <directory>

Remove files and subfolders if they are no longer required. 

rmdir /s <directory>

Java / Spring Boot

Ensure files inside the directory are closed before deletion. 

Files.walk(path)
     .sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
     .forEach(Files::delete);

Avoid deleting directories that are still in use by the application.

Docker / containers

Inspect mounted volumes and directory usage. 

docker inspect <container-name>

Ensure the directory is not a mounted volume with active data.

Verify the fix

Repeat the directory removal operation after clearing its contents. The directory should be removed successfully without triggering the Directory not empty error.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Deleting directories without checking for hidden files
  • Removing directories still used by running processes
  • Confusing permission issues with directory state
  • Using recursive deletion without verifying the path
  • Assuming the directory is empty based on UI tools alone

Quick tip

Always list directory contents, including hidden files, before attempting deletion.

FAQ

Q: Can this error occur if files are open?

A: Yes. Open file handles or background processes can keep directories from being fully removed.

Q: Is it safe to force delete the directory?

A: Only if you are certain the contents are not needed and not used by other processes.

Conclusion

The Directory not empty error indicates remaining contents inside a directory. Removing or closing all files and subdirectories resolves the issue. Refer to other root error references on ErrorFixHub for additional file system troubleshooting.

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